Thursday, December 26, 2019

My Philosophy on Education Essay - 710 Words

My Philosophy on Education My Philosophy on Education encompasses many areas but the result is an approach that I feel will educate every child in the best possible way. I am specializing in Early Childhood, because of this I feel that my philosophy is based on what is best for the child through the age of eight. My Philosophy is a mixture of the Progressivism approach and the Constructivists approach. These beliefs not only focus on one aspect of the classroom but rather on the classroom as a whole. The curriculum of my classroom should be based on the works of John Dewey. I believe the best curriculum for the child in an early childhood setting is one that is based on the interests of the children. The children should be active†¦show more content†¦I also believe in around the curriculum approaches. At the same time you are talking about the caterpillar you can also have the children count how many other caterpillars they may see on the tree and sing a song about caterpillars. On the Constructivists side I believe like Jean Piaget that children do learn through exploration and I would provide ample time for exploration in my classroom. My teaching methods would be child-centered. Under the belief system of Francis W. Parker who believed that all learning should be learner centered rather than teacher centered. I would try to plan activities that would both interest the children but also engage them in critical thinking and problem solving. I feel that teaching real life skills can be just as important as any academic skill. I would encourage these thoughts through the use of simple manageable projects, Cooperative learning experiences, and through role playing exercises. I feel these activities would not only increase their level of thinking but would also encourage social skills which are also very important. I want a classroom that is democratically sucessful such as the one that Ella Flagg Young envisioned for her staff. I want that vision for the children I teach. The children should be an active participant in the classroom as a whole, not just learning process but also in classroom management. I feel children should help create their own rules for the classroom. By helping to create the rules theShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead Mor eMy Philosophy On Philosophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. I would most recognize my philosophy of education as Essentialism. Essentialism has been a dominant influence in American education since World War II. It focuses on core curriculum of traditional academic topics. I believe that the purpose of education is teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education1038 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy of Education When trying coming up with a personal philosophy of education, I had to ask myself what the purpose of education is. To me, the purpose of education is to teach students knowledge that is needed to make it through school and to succeed in the world after graduation. Anyone can go into teaching, but not every teacher can teach. Teachers go above and beyond to introduce methods, philosophies, and strategies to help their students learn, as well as, retain the informationRead MoreMy Education Philosophy 1511 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Mission Statement Education is the imparting and acquiring of knowledge and skills through teaching and learning. As an educator, my personal mission statement is to master my subject area in order to serve as a role model for my students thereby producing students who thoroughly understand the subject matter, and who develop holistically. In order to achieve this goal I must have a set education philosophy with a strong Christian worldview. I must also have a general understanding of theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Student Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachersRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education864 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Children are the future and their education is the key to our society’s success. When considering this, I realize I have an immense responsibility as an educator. The main focuses of my teaching are active learning, building character within students, and providing meaningful curriculum. I want to create a comfortable setting where every student feels safe to learn. In many ways, my philosophy agrees with the holistic approach to education. I feel this challenges the studentRead MoreMy Philosophy on Education814 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education I think when I made the decision to become a teacher I was not thinking the seriousness of this decision. When we become teachers we also become the molder that will shape our student to be successful in life. But when you decide to become a teacher in a Christian school you are not only shaping this student to be successful in life but we are also shaping their Christian mind to do things with a feeling knowing that they are shape and where made by the image of GodRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1015 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately sparked my interest in becoming an educator and share my personal beliefs on the important aspects of education. In addition to this, I will present various traits I believe are essential and critical for teachers to successfully fulfill their role as an educator. During my elementary years, I developed an urge to frequently ask many questions during the school day. Being able to question anything was astonishing to me. This was because my parents were unable to answer my questions and help

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Church - Part 1 - 1184 Words

The Church – Part 1 People of long ago have attended church and it’s been known and shown from centuries to centuries on how families have attended this church or that church, this denomination or that denomination to no denomination. This family or that family, this race or that race and lately the key point in the matter of going to church seems to be missing. It has been just a religious ritual to some for far too long and going to church just because our parents went or because it’s Sunday; maybe we are told to go, or perhaps we want to be seen sitting on a pew is still missing the mark of true church attendance. The main focus of going to church should be to worship God and our worship must be genuine for God. God is a spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. Now, how can anyone worship God in spirit and in truth; while attending church with their mind on what someone may be wearing or with their mind on the ball game that may be playing on the TV, or what’s cooking in the oven while wishing the entire time that church service would hurry up and end? We must check our motive of us being in church. If we are there in church to see who’s there at church or perhaps, if we are there only to be seen in church; then our reason for attending church is meaningless. God deserves true worship from us and he will know if our worship for him is real because he knows all and he sees all. Therefore, we can’t fool him about anything that we doShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Church777 Words   |  4 PagesThe doctrine of the church is of utmost importance today. When people define â€Å"church† there is almost no consensus of what that means. Mark Dever provides a succinct definition of â€Å"church† when he writes, â€Å"The church is the body of people called by God’s grace through fain in Christ to glorify him together by serving him in his world.† The church is composed of both the v isible and invisible church. The invisible church are those who have truly been redeemed by Christ. Paul says, â€Å"Christ also lovedRead MoreWithin The Context Of American Society, We Have Strayed1652 Words   |  7 Pagesidentity of what the church was originally created to be. When we hear the word, â€Å"church,† we think of a building, a mere location where believers gather together every Sunday. The church of America might believe the essential elements of the church are an air-conditioned sanctuary, ten different ministry opportunities, and a full band to lead worship. While none of these things are necessarily bad, they do not comprise the biblical model of what the church was created to be. The church can be dividedRead MorePaul and the Church of Corinth Essay example971 Words   |  4 PagesC.E. alot of Jews that were expelled from Rome migrated to Corinth for a new start. 1 Corinthians 3:5 The whole chapter was written to reprimand the Corinthian church for their immaturity and the pride they had in their own wisdom. Paul highlighted the fact that the Gospel was not reliant in any way to their vain wisdom and it played a part of some of the issues and disputes that arose in the church. Paul starts off the chapter by telling them that he only taught them the principles of theRead MorePauls View On The Church1480 Words   |  6 PagesTHEOLOGY ON THE CHURCH __________________ A Paper Presented to Dr. Presley Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for NTS 3213 __________________ by Jin Hyun July 27, 2015 PAULS VIEW ON THE CHURCH Apostle Paul is one of the most beloved follower and author of 14 books in the New Testament. One of the most prominent teachings of Paul is regarding on the subject of the church. Not only did he write letters to church but in manyRead MoreLeadership Management Finances Employee Relationship Mentor960 Words   |  4 PagesMentor 1:2-7 3:1-12 2:1-22 1:20-33 4:1-9 1:8-19 3:21-35 3:13-18 7:1-27 13:1-25 4:10-27 8:1-21 11:4-9 8:22-36 18:1-24 5:1-23 9:1-6 6:1-35 9:7-12 9:13-18 12:1-28 10:1-32 15:1-16:33 14:1-35 17:1-28 20:1-24:34 25:1-31:31 INTRODUCTION When working within a church you always need to know how things need to run. This is called church administration. Church administration is things like leadership, management, and financial. These things are major part of how the church runsRead MoreChurch Planting Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Over the years, church planters passionately stepped into church planting across the globe at great costs in obedience to God’s call. Some used the mother-church method and cell or house church method in cross-cultural settings. Some planters believe that it is the quality of their planting methods, effective publicity, attractive programmes, missional teams and resources that will make their church plant successful. Whereas these are helpful, the central factor is the God of missionRead MoreThe Church Of The Brentwood Baptist Church Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pages1. Please fill out the following basic information about your visit. Church Name and Address: Brentwood Baptist Church 7777 Concord Road Brentwood, TN Date and Time of Service: November 6, 2016 at 9:30 am Name of the person you spoke with on the pastoral staff: Pastor Dodridge and Steve Layton 2. Describe any previous experience with this church or why you chose this church. The Brentwood Baptist Church is not a church that I have had any previous experience with. I had the opportunity to attendRead MoreWomen During The Babylonian Exile1722 Words   |  7 Pagespeople often acknowledge the men that contributed to establishing the foundation of the Church. There have been great men such as Peter and Paul, whom will never be forgotten in the Church’s history. Meanwhile, the women who helped the church become a whole are often overlooked. It is not only men who build the church, for women also play a role in establishing it as well. While men indeed play a very significant part in spreading the Good News, women should also be recognized more often for their faithRead MoreThe Reformation Of The Catholic Church1271 Words   |  6 PagesCatholics were brainwashed by higher-ranking church officials through cynical, selfish teachings, the reformation of the Catholic Church saved an immeasurable amount of lives by gaining religious freedom in Europe. I. Brainwashed Catholics A. Forced to work as slaves to church 1. Expected to work for free 2. Never taught any differently B. Forced to pay tithes 1. Rich people bribed 2. Relics as tribute C. Burned at stake for alternate beliefs 1. No legal alternative 2. No tolerated deviationsRead MoreSite Visit Report : St. Paul Lutheran Church1361 Words   |  6 PagesKarina Cruz 580 Indian Trace - Weston, FL 33326 St. Paul Lutheran Church (954) 384-9096 Lutheran Hours of worship: Jean Gillis Sundays 8 A.M. 11 A.M. Site Visit Report: St. Paul Lutheran Church The Lutheran religion is a branch of Protestant Christianity, and it was a result of their founder, Dr. Martin Luther, stepping away from the Roman Catholic religion in his mission to reform it. Luther’s

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Malaysian Governments free essay sample

Government control is most easily exercised in two ways. Firstly, by regulation of the actual transport operations. For example, the laws and regulation. Secondly, by financial direction, both operational (revenue and subsidies) and in terms of capital expenditure or investment. secondlyFor example, the budget for transport proposal. Regulation, is somehow an administrative legislation that constitutes or constrain rights and allocates responsibilities. It can be distinguished from primary legislation (by Parliament or elected legislative body) on the one hand and judicial decisions on the other hand. Moreover, t is basically steps taken to control the workings of a particular area. This can be seen from the implementation of various laws and acts, rules and regulation in the area of transportation. For instance, the Road Transport Act 1987. These regulations exist for so many reasons. Part of the reasons, are firstly, they serve as the basis for operations. Framework is provided for the operations of transport systems. Provision of services is also provided especially in rural areas where demand for the service is low and dispersed. Such common examples that might be the ignition to the basis are ‘where to drive, what speed to drive, what to use to get to the destination’, and so on. Secondly, control arising monopolies. Since transport enterprises are natural monopolies, the regulations are made to ensure that the monopolies would not exploit their position at the expenses of the public. For example, the control of air rate imposed domestically in the past. Lastly, control the social cost of transport. This is to ensure the development of the transport industry is in line with the national economic, social and political policies, as when it goes uncontrollable, excessive social costs is to be expected. Such examples related are, the pollution in atmosphere, congestion, accidents, and so on. Government can execute the regulations through firstly, the creation of policies. Policies are created to protect certain interest. For example, the policies that emphasize on Bumiputera participation in any events related, and the introduction of Cabotage Policy, which protects the local market and selective liberalization. Secondly, through the creation of Regulatory Bodies under the various ministries who will the government conduct of each mode of transport to achieve the national objectives or interest. For example the bodies involved are the ones which go directly under the Ministry of Transport. They are Road Transport Department, Marine Department, Civil Aviation Department and Railway Department. Not just that, the one that goes directly under Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development is Commercial Vehicle Licensing Board. Lastly, through government ownership. This means that government owns and operate the transport operations like MAS, KTMB, MISC. Basically modes of transport can be divided into 3, land, air and sea. Even when such transports can roam freely in the ocean or above the sky, regulations still play the part and are still crucial. For air transportation, the transport operations are regulated internationally, involving the development of safety conducts, technical certification, and government arrangements. More importantly, the regulations emphasize on how air transport should be conducted, involving the airline operations as well. This regulation is basically implemented through international organizations such as International Civil Aviation Organization and International Air Transport Association. Another mode of free roaming is the sea, whereby in the domestic market, sea transport is regulated in terms of the area of operation allowed. While international route can be served by international operators like MAERSK, MISC, and CSC, the traffic between local ports are served only by domestic operators. This policy has been known as ‘Cabotage’. As mentioned earlier, the regulatory bodies involved, is the Ministry of Transport (MOT). It is established with the objectives to develop the public and goods transportation services which is seamless, safe and excellent, and also, to implement an efficient enforcement and regulatory function with integrity. The functions of this ministry is planning, formulating, and implementing the rail, maritime, ports and civil aviation transportation policies. Furthermore, to regulate or supervise policy and operation of concession holder or government companies. Then we have the Road Transport Department (RTD) which serves under MOT. The establishment of RTD goes in-line with the objectives which is firstly, to create and administer traffic laws in order to produce road users with a culture of compliance with road laws and regulations. Secondly, to create and administer a registration and licensing system for all types of motor vehicles which is effective, safe and full of integrity. Lastly, to create and administer an effective training, testing and licensing system in order to produce skilled, disciplined and considerate drivers. As for sea transportation, we have Marine Department Malaysia (MDM) taking charge of our coast and sea lines. The department goes with the objectives of firstly, to ensure that all officers and crew serving on board Malaysian ships possess the necessary certificates and documents prescribed by the Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952. Secondly, to ensure that all port and jetty structures under the charge of this department are maintained in good condition and operational at all times. Lastly, maintenance of the shipping channels at all ports under the jurisdiction of this department in order to ensure that they are navigable at all times. There are certain services provided by MDM for the convenience of all parties related. The Maritime Industrial Control is introduced, which administer the registration of ships in Malaysia, and the licensing of boats. Moreover, MDM takes care of seamen affairs and port division. This is to ensure that all officers and crew serving on board Malaysian ships possess the necessary certificates and documents, and also, providing maintenance of the shipping channels at all ports to ensure that they are navigable at all times. Last but least of the services is the safety navigation. This is to ensure a regulated, efficient, effective and economical navigational system to enhance safety of navigation and reduce maritime accident in Malaysian waters. The navigation system includes aids to navigation, maritime search and rescue services, maritime safety information, vessels traffic services, along with wreck and salvage. Safety of navigation also includes the ensuring of an effective response to combat oil spill from ship and reduced environmental pollution. The last mode of transportation would be air, and for this mode, the Department of Civil Aviation (DCA) takes charge. It is established as an organization under the MOT, along with RTD and MDM, to provide efficient and safe air transportation as follows. Various activities are organised by DCA, such as Airworthiness Activities. Such examples that fall under this activity are the registration of civil aircraft, approval of organizations for maintenance aircraft and equipment, and licensing of aircraft maintenance engineers. Second activity is Air Traffic Services Activities, consisting of provision of maintenance of navigational aids aeronautical and telecommunications, exchange of flight information domestically and internationally, and lastly, establishment and maintenance of Aeronautical. For coordinating on matters pertaining to officers training, seminar locally and abroad, flight schedule approval, and coordinating with international agencies such as ICAO, IATA, and ACI, these activities fall under the Air Transport Activities. Another minister that plays vital role under the Regulatory Bodies is the Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development, and one of the the body that is registered under this ministry is the Commercial Vehicle Licensing Board (CVLB). The core strategies of this body is creating business opportunities by granting commercial vehicle licenses to organization or individuals qualified and interested in this field, as well as providing training and advisory services to commercial vehicle operators through courses and dialogues in order to expand entrepreneurial culture and to improve their understanding of CVLB rules and policies. Speaking of the scope and functions of CVLB, it is set up to assist the development of commercial transport and industry by establishing policies to ensure a sufficient commercial transport service. Another function is, it is set up to assist the development of commercial transport industry by establishing policies to ensure a sufficient and efficient commercial transport service.

Monday, December 2, 2019

The FTC vs. Google and Apple antitrust case of 2012

An antitrust case is a legal term used to refer to a case brought forward for jurisdiction by parties charged with using dubious strategies and methods to limit or influence to one’s advantage free competition that exists in the market place (Posner 24). One party may be seeking the prosecution of the other or may be seeking the protection of a right to prevent any possible wrongdoing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The FTC vs. Google and Apple antitrust case of 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recently, the United States antitrust regulators, Federal Trade Commission (FTC), became interested in the Apple and Google business relationship (Dylan 2012). This case involved the use of Google programs and applications as the default settings in mobile devices manufactured by Apple. This has elicited heated debates and criticism because it is anti-competitive and breach of the US free market law. Google an d Apple have broken the US antitrust law (Dylan 2012). This law presents legal provisions that promote free competition in the market place by preventing dubious conduct by companies that is anti-competitive. This law protects consumers against price exploitation and low quality products because of a company’s monopoly. Most monopolies present few choices on the range of products in the market (American Bar Association 65). The law does not illegalize monopoly but ensures that the power that is given to a company by a monopoly is not abused (Posner 53). This specific antitrust case has been initiated by the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and involves the search engine Google and the Telecommunication giant Apple (Dylan 2012). The commission is demanding for a legal explanation from both firms on the methodology and law followed in allowing Apple incorporate Google’s search engine on the iPhone and iPad as the default search platform (Dylan 2012).Advertising Loo king for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The commission has demanded for legal documents such as the agreement that gave Apple the privilege that interfered with the free competion in the market place (Dylan 2012). Google’s bitter rival in the marketplace, Microsoft, has not hesitated to label the agreement anti-competitive. As a result, FTC has intensified its efforts to scrutinize Google’s business operations and conduct. This may lead to a revelation as to whether Google is taking advantage of the fact that it dominates the internet search services to increase its earnings. As the use of internet over mobile phones increases, the default settings become an important aspect.FTC is also investigating the claim that the Mountain View branch of Google that is in California charges more for advertisements presented by their competitors (Dylan 2012). In addition, there is a claim that it fav ors its own businesses and other businesses that it has affiliations to by ranking their search results highly. Since the introduction of the iPhone in 2007 and the iPad in 2010, Google has served as the default search engine (Dylan 2012). The Android operating system is another critical issue.FTC is carrying out parallel investigations as to whether Google is using the Android operating system to influence competition to their advantage. Google and Apple have been on the race for dominance in the Smartphone sector of the mobile phone market since 2008 when the first handset that was running on the Android operating system was introduced in the market. Analysts project that in a few years, internet searches on the mobile phone will surpass searches on desktop computers. According to Macquarie Capital, many customers do not bother with the default settings in their Smartphone and use it with the settings from the manufacturer.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Th e FTC vs. Google and Apple antitrust case of 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Last year, the Android dominated the mobile phone operating system market with a market share of 50.9 percent. This was in excess of 30.1 percent compared to the iOS operating system of the iPhone. In the same year, Google earned $1.3 billion in revenue from internet searches alone from Apple products (Dylan 2012). Apple received $1 billion from Google to make it the default search engine. According to reports, Google earns approximately 95 percent of revenue from searches in the US alone. In 2010, Microsoft made an unsuccessful attempt to win over the default search engine spot from Google (Dylan 2012). There are indications that Apple are not satisfied with the agreement but are reluctant to withdraw because Google provides such a nice experience for users of Apple products. Their feud began when Google announced its intention to introduce the Android operating system (Dylan 2012). The feud aggravated when Steve Jobs launched a patent combat against manufacturers of handsets that used Android as their operating system. Microsoft and other companies are pushing for a close check of Google’s dominance in the market as they sense foul play. The Apple and Google antitrust case is one of the latest involving two market leaders in the telecommunication and technology industry. The agreement signed between Apple and Google seem short-lived because the two have turned out to be bitter rivals. This feud emanated from the introduction o f the Android operating system by Google that was developed to compete against the iPhone (Dylan 2012). The FTC has developed special interest in the relationship and is currently carrying out investigations to establish whether Google’s conduct went against the antitrust law. Works Cited American Bar Association. Merger Standards under U.S. Antitrust Laws. New York:Â  American Bar Associati on, 2009.Print.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dylan, Lionel. Apple Subpoenaed in Google’s Antitrust Case. Web. Posner, Robert. Antitrust Law. Chicago: University of Chicago press, 2001.Print. This essay on The FTC vs. Google and Apple antitrust case of 2012 was written and submitted by user W1ll to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Essay Sample on Romanticism and Enlightenment Values

Essay Sample on Romanticism and Enlightenment Values Romanticism is not the bastard child of the Enlightenment but its mistress. Discuss with reference to ideas about savage peoples. In this essay on Romanticism I intend to review some of the key ideas from political and economic philosophy and the general themes that characterised the thinking of the two movements. I hope to trace the course of the perception of the ‘other’ from that of the semi-mythical through to the nascent reject of ethnocentricity. I will be focusing particularly on conceptions of the ‘state of nature’ and the development of the comparative methodology. Finally, I intend to argue that the separation of Enlightenment thought from romantic thought is to some extent a false division in the field of political philosophy. The British Enlightenment movement, (the 17th 18th Centuries), was deeply embedded in the political and economic upheavals of the time. The trial and execution of Charles I was an open challenge to the orthodoxy of the divine right of Kings to rule and much of the later political philosophy was to address the form and nature of government. Science and industrialisation were continuing apace, and by the early 1700s Britain would see the first Industrial Revolution. The old feudal order was rapidly giving way to a new capitalist one. While contributors to the body of work produced during the Enlightenment took quite different philosophical positions, it could be said that at the heart of the Enlightenment movement was â€Å"a confidence in science, a daring attempt at new discoveries about the human mind, an opposition to superstition and fanaticism, an emphasis on human nature, a restrained scepticism about traditional views of knowledge and belief, and a mood of reform and critique .† (Hume, 1999, [1748], 10) A few years after the execution of Charles I, Hobbes was to publish Leviathan (1651), his seminal work in which he laid out his blueprint for civil peace. In Leviathan Hobbes examines the foundations and nature of civil society and envisions man emerging from a ‘state of nature’, (the hypothetical condition existing â€Å"if there were no common power able to restrain individuals, no law and no law-enforcement†. (Hobbes, 1968, [1651], 40)). Essentially, Hobbes believed certain aspects of human life would always bring man into conflict with each other, constantly balancing a desire for power with an aversion to death or injury. He thought that men would reason that the best method of self-preservation was peace and that men should be willing to forgo their â€Å"right to all things† on the provision that everyone else does simultaneously. This system is precarious though as men will always seek to recover his devolved powers and use them to his own advantage and to prevent this, these powers must be surrendered to a sovereign. This entire system is predicated on reason and thus the innate ability of man to determine the ‘laws of nature’: â€Å"A LAW OF NATURE (Lex Naturalis,) is a Precept, or general Rule, found out by Reason, by which a man is forbidden to do† (Hobbes, 1968, [1651], 189). Locke published his ‘Two Treatises of Government’ a few years later and the subject matter has much in common with that of Leviathan. Like Hobbes, Locke believed that â€Å"The State of Nature has a Law of Nature to govern it, which obliges everyone† (Locke, 1960, 271). Elsewhere, Locke clarifies his use of ‘reason’: â€Å"Reason therefore here, as contradistinguished to Faith, I take to be the discovery of the Certainty or Probability of such Propositions or Truths, which the Mind arrives at by Deductions made from such Ideas, which it has got by the use of its natural Faculties, viz. by Sensation or Reflection.† (Locke, 1960, 390) However, Locke’s conception of man in the state of nature is markedly more optimistic than that of Hobbes, political society is not responsible for all that is admirable in man, â€Å"for truth and keeping of Faith belongs to Men, as Men, and not as Members of society† (1960, 277) and neither is the state of nature the chaotic, hypothetic state of nature of Hobbes, but instead that situation where one â€Å"Body Politick† has been formed (1960, 277) Hume is often considered a archetypal Enlightenment thinker, however, he struck an enormous blow against the prevailing rationalism, so prevalent in the thought and writing of Hobbes and Locke, â€Å"Many of these philosophers thought that, using reason alone, they could establish the existence and nature of God, identify the most basic entities that comprise the universe, and grasp the eternal truths of morality† (Hume, 1999, [1748], 11). Hume’s argument is strongly empirical, he claims that most knowledge, knowledge of ‘matters of fact’ as opposed to a priori truths such as those of mathematics, comes from our experience and that it is only through our past experience that we believe it to be ‘true’ knowledge. Furthermore, just because we perceive a cause and effect based on our past experience there is nothing that compels this necessary connection in the future (Hume, 1999, [1748], 109). While a fuller exposition of Hume’s writings i s beyond the scope of this essay it is important to note that Locke’s understanding of reason, that which underpinned his entire philosophy, is comprised of intuitive, demonstrative and sensitive forms of knowledge. Thus the exclusive use of reason as a methodology for understanding the world and its laws was effectively challenged by reason. The formative role of past experience and local phenomena was to characterize much of the political and economic philosophy thenceforth, and although much of this thinking was concurrent with Hume’s work, his influence was especially felt on his friend Adam Smith. Specifically, thinkers were both encouraged further in the scientific method, induction rather than deduction. The search for the fundamental laws governing the universe and human behavior continued but empirical and comparative approaches prospered. ‘The Wealth of Nations’ both examines the inter-connectedness and causes of economic phenomena and provides a form of economic manifesto. Smith took a relativist approach to his work, â€Å"he recognized that in aesthetics, as well as in everything else, standards were variable and there was nothing that was ultimately ‘right’.† (MacFarlane, 2000, 84). Smith saw societies as moving though distinct economic phases influenced by their level of resources, government and whether or not they are at war. Like Locke, he saw the preservation of property as a formative factor in civil society, but unlike Locke this was no social contract but, â€Å"Civil government, so far as it is instituted for the security of property, is, in reality, instituted for the defense of the rich against the poor, or of those who have some property against those who have none at all.† (1970 [1776], 610) This kind of environmental determinism is also found in Montesquieu’s writings, he writes extensively on the effect of climate on the character. While his position was certainly not relativist (â€Å"barbaric customs and penitences† (1989, 235)) he strongly embraced the comparative method and prefigured functionalist thought, such as that of Malinowski, by arguing that religious and social phenomena were in part a product of their environment. Rousseau published the ‘social contract’ in 1762, returning to many of themes discussed by Hobbes and Locke a hundred years earlier but from a romantic perspective. By contrast, Rousseau looks not to the civilizing power of pure reason but to emotive forces that can be inculcated into men â€Å"form men if you want to command men.† (1997, 13). Political society is no longer a logical extension of natural law, but â€Å"the social order is a sacred right†¦yet this right does not come from nature; it is therefore founded on conventions† (1997, 41) the social contract ‘substitutes’ â€Å"a partial and moral existence for the independent and physical existence we have all received from nature.† (1997, 69). As Montesquieu had done before him, and Smith would do after, Rousseau believed that environment had an effect on the laws and custom of societies (1997, 74) but Rousseau is possessed of a more relativistic, if not idealistic, perspec tive, â€Å"When, among the happiest people in the world, troops of peasants are seen attending to affairs of State under an oak tree and always acting wisely, can one avoid despising the refinements of other nations which make themselves illustrious and miserable with so much art and mystification?† (1997, 121) The French Revolution, and the shock waves it sent throughout Europe, was considered by some to be the natural result of applied Enlightenment principles. In particular Burke struck out at the â€Å"Empire of light and reason† (1968, [1790], 171), he wrote: â€Å"the pretended rights of these theorists are all extremes; and in proportion as they are metaphysically true, they are morally and politically false.† (1968, [1790], 153) Burke makes an impassioned defense of the merits of tradition and emotive values, â€Å"all your sophisters cannot produce any thing better adapted to preserve a rational and manly freedom than the course that we have pursued, who have chosen our nature rather than our speculations, our breasts rather than our inventions, for the great conservatories and magazines or our rights and privileges.† (1968, [1790], 121). This appeal to the values of emotion and a rejection of the primacy of rationality is characteristic of Romanticism which is echoed throughout the literature and music of the period. However, to view it independently or entirely in opposition to the Enlightenment is fallacious, it is very much a continuation and expansion of some of the key ideas: â€Å"This can be seen with particular clarity in the fundamental schema of the philosophy of history that romanticism shares with the Enlightenment and that precisely though the romantic reaction to the Enlightenment became an unshakable premise: the schema of the conquest of mythos by logos†¦It is supposed to represent progress in the history of the mind, and precisely because romanticism disparages this development, it take over the schema itself as a self-evident truth.† (Gadamer, 1999, 273) As a final point, and to return to the assertion of the essay title, in could be argued that in some ways the analogy of the Romantic Movement to that which is female is particularly appropriate given later structuralist thought. While rationality, science and individuality are associated with the masculine (â€Å"I flatter myself that I love a manly, moral, regulated liberty as well as any gentlemen of that society† (Burke, 1968, [1790], 89), nature, superstition, emotion, the body and the organic conception of social systems are often conflated in western society with the feminine.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

The theme of gender separation in the poem Home Burial by Robert Frost.

The theme of gender separation in the poem Home Burial by Robert Frost. Dealing With TragedyIn ?Home Burial?, by Robert Frost, a husband and wife grieve differently in the face of the shared loss of their son. This difference is made apparent bywhat they refer to as ?talk? and ?speech?. The title, ?Home Burial?, refers to the son?s burial, but also to the deterioration of the parents? relationship. This deterioration does not come from having different methods of mourning, but from their inability to understand or accept each other?s method. This separation represents an overall division between two genders.The poem begins with the husband looking up a flight of stairs at his wife. She, however, is looking to her son?s gravesite through a window behind her. This opening scene epitomizes each of their outlooks on mourning for their son. The mother looks to the grave because her level of mourning is just as intense as it was when the son first died.speechHer grief does not go away with time because she believes that ?Friends make pretense of following to t he grave, / But before one is in it, their minds are turned / And making the best of their way back to life / and living people, and things they understand? (102-105). She refuses to make her way back to life and living people because she hasn?t yet accepted the death of her son. Therefore, she looks to her son because she hasn?t yet acknowledged his death. The husband has made this acknowledgement. He has accepted that his son is dead and now looks to move on or he looks to ?living people?. For this reason the scene opens with him looking at his wife.These differences of their expressions of grief are consistent with their wishes concerning each other?s speech. When the husband discovers that his...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Impacts Of Music In Learning English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Impacts Of Music In Learning English - Essay Example The variety of the forms of music means that not all forms of music can perform a specific function in the lives of human beings. The variety of the forms of music means that each form of music may be suitable for a specific form of task. For instance, there are love songs, blues, reggae as well as raga. Others include the pop, rap as well as gospel music. It is critical to note that different forms of music are always suitable for the work set up. These include such songs as smooth reggae, raga as well as pop songs. This paper is going to discuss some of the reasons to support the fact that using music to teach English is likely to make students learn English faster and show improved performance as well as good scores. In short, the paper is going to explore the impacts of music in learning English. In connection with the above, it is of crucial significance to note that music can also play significant roles in the education sector. The use of music in the education sector to teach students certain subjects may be associated with the increased performance of students (Alipour, 34). However, not all the students taught using music must show positive results. A fraction of the students may get absorbed into the music that they fail to understand the role of music in their lesson. A number of students may fail to understand that the music introduced during some lessons is geared towards ensuring that they understand the concepts of the subject being taught in an in-depth manner. However, on the other hand, the use of music in teaching the students may lead to a greater proportion of such students depicting better results. It is of critical significance to note that the use of music to help in teaching students English as a foreign language may lead to the improved and enhanced performance of those students in English (Alipour, 48).

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Examine and discuss the influence of individual resistance to change, Essay

Examine and discuss the influence of individual resistance to change, potential sources of stress, and consequences in organizations. Recommend approaches to managing change and stress - Essay Example But it is equally true that people tend to resist any kind of change within and outside their professional life for variety of reasons. Hence, organizations need to implement the changes in a manner that mitigates the resistance of the individuals and instills confidence in them. In the book ‘Organization Behavior’ the authors Hitt et al, have cited four basic causes of resistance to change: lack of understanding; different assessment; self interest; and low tolerance (Hitt, A. Miller, C. Chet Miller and Colella, 2005). The first factor normally happens when the employees and staff are not clear about the changes that need to be made which creates fear of the unknown among the persons who need to adapt to the changes. The second factor is crucial because the management may resist to the change as a result of assessing the change in a differently perspective, mainly due to lack of communication on the part of management. This type of resistance develops when organization is in the process of adopting newer technology which creates self doubt of the new technology and at the same time they become unsure about their own ability to successfully adapt the changes in their work practice. Finally self interests and low tolerance for change is usually o bserved when people in the organization do not anticipate changes and therefore often undergo different modes of emotional resistance before accepting the changes. These are major factors that create irrational fear, emotions like anger, frustration and reluctant acceptance that promotes non-congenial atmosphere for work. They fight against any change to defend their position and job in the organization, keeping their self interest in mind. A good leader ensures that all types of changes must be gradually introduced with full participation of the employees so that at each stage, they are able to understand the necessity and viability of the changes that must be

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Bio psycho social Essay Example for Free

Bio psycho social Essay I met with Louis Sutter on Sunday, March 31, 2013. Daniel is a twenty two year old Jewish white male. He currently resides at 123 Apple Road, Columbia, SC, 29205. He is currently studying full time at USC-Columbia and unemployed. He is not married, but in a two year relationship with his girlfriend, Taylor. He was referred to me from the counseling center at USC-Columbia. He was sent to me for anxiety and stress management. Source of Data I received documents from USC- Columbia’s counseling Center, and health records from his primary doctor. I had consent from the client as well as his counselor and his primary physician. The client followed counselor’s advice and made an appointment with me voluntarily. Description and development of presenting problem Louis is currently in counseling where his counselor suggested he specifically seek stress and anxiety management. He is a full time student who is struggling to balance the demands of college and time management which has recently triggered a significant amount of stress and anxiety. My client sought my assistance after struggling to complete assignments on their due dates. Family History Louis currently resides in Columbia but is originally from Greenville, South Carolina. In Columbia, he lives with two roommates. Their names are Brandon and Jeffery. They are both Jewish white male students in their twenties. Louis and his roommates take part in a Jewish fraternity. Louis is the second child to Jane and Rueben Sutter. His parents are middle aged. He has an older sister named Jori who is twenty seven. Louis is very close to his  mother, Jane. Louis is also close to his maternal grandfather. He does not interact that much with his paternal family. Client History Louis was born on March 20, 1991. He graduated high school in 2009. He enrolled in college and plans to graduate May 2014. In 2007 he reports that he struggled with the academic demands of high school. In that same year, documents note that Louis was tested for learning disabilities and psychological disorders. His physician and psychiatrist suggested medication and therapy. See attached document for specific past medications. After some trial and error, my client is currently taking Pristiq and Adavan. My client and medical records show that he takes 80mg Pristiq daily and 50mg Adavan when needed. My client says he is satisfied with his meds and the dosages. He also informed me that his mother and sister suffer from anxiety and depression. My client suggests a healthy intimate relationship because he has been dating the same girl for two years and is content. He has no criminal record or legal issues which were verified with a background check. He mentioned that he has never had an issue with drugs or alcohol. Current Situation Despite the anxiety and stress, Louis appears to be a positive, healthy and happy person. He takes part in a Jewish college fraternity, has a good support system, takes part in some Jewish traditions as well as participates in activities related to his major. He seems enthusiastic about classes, just struggles to meet deadlines, procrastinates as well as feels nervous when doing assignments. He wants to complete assignments confidently but says he is always second guesses himself. My client is a full time student who does not work during when classes are in session. He states that his parents financially support him as well as his saving from working in the summers. He says with his savings and parents help, he is able to pay for food, rent and bills. He has his own transportation and is able to get around town, to classes, internship and social events. He says he is more of a cultural Jew than a religious Jew. Assessment Strengths Problem List Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, and Termination Self- Assessment

Friday, November 15, 2019

Michael Moores Roger & Me Essay -- Documentary Films General Motors E

Michael Moore's Roger & Me Roger & Me is a documentary film chronicling the workings of one of the world’s largest corporations, General Motors, as it nearly turns its hometown of Flint, Michigan, into a ghost town. In his quest to discover why GM's management and board of directors would do such a thing, filmmaker Michael Moore, a Flint native, attempts to meet the chairman, Roger Smith, and invite him out for a few beers up in Flint to "talk things over." Moore is the son of a Flint autoworker and a whole family of autoworkers. Roger & Me examines how Moore's hometown of Flint is affected when General Motors closes down a series of factories in order to set up production in Mexico. The town is devastated, economically and spiritually, because GM was practically the only game in town - the city was built around GM. Since 1983, car sales had steadily risen and GM has posted record profits of nearly $19 billion. So why lay off all of these people? Moore points out that he and his friends were raised on the American Dream which promised that if you worked hard and the company you worked for prospered, you would prosper, too. Now, it seems GM's board of directors has changed the rules: you work hard, the company prospers- and you lose your job. Roger & Me shows that capitalism is not always consistent with this American Dream. Roger & Me shows that GM's board of directors used company profits not to create new jobs, but to buy already existing assets, such as data processing companies (EDS) and weapons manufacturers (Hughes Aircraft) at inflated prices, and to automate their current assembly lines, and build new plants in Mexico and in Asia -- destroying jobs in the United States in the process. In Mexico, GM pays the worker... ...t be done in work. This man is also upset because the point of unions is to increase the workers strength in bargaining with employers. The union clearly did not help in the case of the GM workers in Flint. Roger & Me is a great documentary film. It captures a lot about our form of capitalism. Moore shows the problems that large capitalist companies make, in a way that appeals to a broad audience. Since it is a real story, it is not telling some story of how things could be or would be, but how things really are. Fred Ross must evict numerous people out of their homes daily so that he has a roof over his head and food for himself. While one half of Flint is receiving some kind of Government Welfare for being unemployed, Roger Smith is giving himself a $2 million raise. In a better world profit maximization would not be the goal of an economic system or a society.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Experience of the Attawapiskat Cree to Ojibwa in relation to the Canadian Government

The Attawaspiskat Cree and Ojibwa are a first nations group living in parts of Canada, mainly northern Ontario. The main languages spoken by these first nation groups are Mushkegowuk Cree and Ojibway. I will compare and contrast the experience of the Attawapiskat Cree to Ojibwa in relation to the Canadian Government. This will include analyzing the treaties introduced by the government towards the Cree and the Ojibwa: in particular, treaty 9 will be discussed. In addition, to these treaties the government has divided the first nation community into two different groups: status-Indians and non-status Indians. Within these two groups further division has been accomplished by the allocation of lands know as reserves to status-Indians and independent ownership for non-status Indians. This allocation of lands in reserves for status-Indians and independent ownership for non-status Indian is based on the policies developed through dependent and independent tenure. The laws permitting only status-Indians to live in reserves have fragmented the community and changes in culture and traditions have been rapid since the arrival of the government. The arrival of the Canadian government in the early nineteen-hundreds was the last major encapsulating factor the Cree and the Ojibwa were to face after the Hudson Bay Company and the church. The methods adopted by the government were aimed at changing the social, economic, political and religious practices held within these societies. One of the first efforts undertaken by the Canadian government was to legalize any action it would take in the regions occupied by the Cree and the Ojibwa. Therefore, in 1905 and 1906 treaty 9 was signed with the people of Cree and the people of Ojibwa. With the introduction of treaty 9, logging, hydroelectric development, minerals, construction of road and railways started. This treaty also introduced new land policies, which allowed non-Indians to exploit the resources used before only by the Indians. Commissioner Scott who represented the government promised the Indians that treaty 9 would not affect the way of living for the Indian people, rather the government would help in times of need: â€Å"There will not be any legislation governing trapping, hunting animals and hunting birds and fishing, if you are in favour of the treaty. If something happens to you as to sickness or need of help the government will help you, all the people from Albany, Attawapiskat, Winisk, Fort Severn, will have this help† (Cummins 2004, 36). However, during the famine of 1909, 1928, 1930-31, 1934-36 and 1946-48 in Attawaspiskat, assistance from the government was little or non-existent. Therefore, the main reason for the treaty was to extinguish aboriginal rights and to take away the land owned by the Indians. Following treaty 9 many different treaties were introduced by the government which further deteriorated the economical conditions present within the Indian community. These treaties had assured for the Cree and the Ojibwa, that provision would be made for the supply of seed, cattle and agricultural implements as these nations had exhibited an interest in starting farming for economic interest. Additionally, some other treaties had guaranteed distribution of fishing nets, net twins, guns and ammunition so as it can enable the Indians to hunt for subsistence activities, with participation with the new economy. However, the government provided insufficient amenities which were unable to economically improve the position of the Cree and Ojibwa. In addition, federal legislation – especially the Indian Act – teamed with federal and provincial policy and actions, rendered it arduous for Aboriginal people to undertake other economic interest. (http://www. ainc-inac. gc. ca/ch/rcap/sg/sh45_e. html). It is essential to define the terms land tenure and land use in order to understand how these systems are used as an encapsulating factor for the Ojibwa and the Attawapiskat Cree. Land use is the physical exploitation of land, where as land tenure are the policies which govern the use of land and is based on social, political and exploitative patterns of a group. Example of social, political and exploitative patterns would include the ways of accommodation, such as living in micro or macro bands and occupying a river drainage or a good fishing site; notion of land ownership; and hunting patters, respectively. Since the incursion of Euro-Canadians in all aspect of Indian life, there have been changes in the traditional land tenure policies held within these societies for centuries. The government has divided the Ojibwa and the Cree into two different categories: status Indians and non-status Indians. Status Indians are those individuals who according to the Indian Act appear on the governments list of registered Indians. Status-Indians are solely dependent on governmental aid and live on lands turned into reserves by the government; they are also exempted from any provincial or federal programs such as income tax and property tax. Non-status Indians are those who have lost their Indian status by governmental enfranchisement. These people cannot live on reserves; land setup by the government for status-Indians, but they can independently own land and must pay taxes. The reserves are created by the Indian Act as, â€Å"the minister may, when he considers it desirable constitute new bands and when a new band has been established from an existing band or any part thereof, such portion of the reserve lands and funds of the existing band as the minister determines shall be held for the use and benefit of the new band†. (Driben 1986: 114). Therefore, to create a reserve there must be, a new band who has requested the government to be turned into a reserve. Hence, if approved the government would allocate an existing reserve or some land. Once designated as a reserve, individuals cannot have the title to the land and cannot exercise the freedom to move fluidly in different areas or groups. One major set back by the government to the Ojibwa people living in Aroland are the economic government policy adopted towards them. In 1971, the provincial plan for economic development was revealed, which concluded that land and resource development should take place only in places which demonstrate a potential for growth. Therefore, the problem arouse when Nakina, a town less than 25 kilometres from Aroland became the centre of growth, this has shifted any incentives from private and government sectors to economically invest in Aroland. The government of Canada has introduced two types of land tenure for the Cree and the Objiwa, dependent and independent land tenure. In dependent land tenure two aspects must be fulfilled, first that region must be made into a reserve, and second, the people occupying the region must be status-Indians. Once the region has become a reserve it falls under the jurisdiction of the ministry of Indian Affairs. Therefore, by the Indian Act, the ministry has the authority to possess land, prevent the transfer of land between bands, and to allocate land as they see fit. The economic impact of the dependent tenure has its benefits and disadvantages. These benefits include that the ministry of Indian affairs will provide aid for economic development. Such aid can be in forms of loans to bands, groups or individuals. Moreover, the Indians are not required to pay property tax or income tax on the money they earn by working on the reserves. A disadvantage would be that the reserved land cannot be sold or leased unless it is surrendered to the government, and once the land has been surrendered to the government, it is controlled and owned by the government not the Indians. The social impact of dependent tenure is the segregation caused by the subdivision of Indians into status and non-status Indians. Therefore, to choose dependent tenure would segregate the community into one group, that comprising of status-Indians only. By the Indian act, non-status Indians are considered to be trespassers if they enter a reserve and can be fined and imprisoned for doing so. On the other hand, Independent Land Tenure is a more euro-Canadian form of land policy. Indians in independent land tenure can buy property. But if the people opt for Independent Land tenure they cannot form any kind of reserve. Since Independent tenure is regulated under provincial government, the federal government would not be involved. Once the provincial government sells the people the land they occupy, the individual will get the title to the land and also some benefits as stated by the minister, â€Å" Firstly, a surface right, which permits a landowner to enjoy the current use of his land. Secondly, a productive right, which allows an owner to make a profit from the current use of his land. Thirdly, a development right, allowing the owner to improve his property. Fourthly, a pecuniary right, whereby a landowner benefits financially from development value both effectively granting the right not to develop and sixthly, a disposal right, allowing an owner to sell or will his land† (Driben 1986: 105). The economic advantage of independent tenure is that Indians can participate in government programs, can be endowed with equity that can be employed to obtain mortgages and loans from banks and other financial institutions. Additionally they can have provincially tax-supported services such as fire protection, construction of roads, as well as other provincial benefits. In conclusion, the arrival of the government in the early nineteen-hundred marked a beginning which has rapidly cause change and encapsulated the Ojibwa and the Cree. Treaty 9, also known as the James Bay treaty, has let the government occupy two-third of northern Ontario from the Indians. An encapsulation method adopted by the government was to divide the Indians into different groups; this was done by dividing the people into status-Indians and non-status Indians. Further, physical sub-division was accomplished by the government through dependent and Independent tenure. Laws forbidding non-status Indians to enter reserves were strictly enforced and any economic incentives approached by the Indians were tentatively dealt with. Therefore the nineteen hundred has been a drastic change for the Ojibwa and the Cree, and it has transformed them from a simpler life of hunting for subsistence to that of trading and has made them conform to the external pressure to acculturate. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cummins, Brian D. 2004. Only God Can Own the Land. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada Inc. Driben, Paul. 1986. Aroland Is Our Home – An incomplete victory in Applied Anthropology. New York: AMS Press. Martin, Calvin. 1978. Keepers of the Game. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. Schmalz, Peter S. 1991. The Ojibwa. Toronto, Buffalo, and London: University of Toronto Press. Krech, Shepard. 1981. Indians, Animals, and the Fur trade. Athens: The University of Georgia Press. .

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Pride and Prejudice Response Paper

Our honorable instructor, Professor Tang assigned us to read three novels in our National Day Vacation: Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, and A Woman On a Roof by Doris Lessing. Of these three, I favored Pride and Prejudice most, as apparently, neither the simple story of the sun-bathing woman in A Woman On a Roof was easier enough for me to understand its â€Å"representative of modern women figures†, nor the ugly face of the man who persuaded his girlfriend to take a â€Å"perfectly simple† abortion in Hills Like White Elephant interested enough for me.So though I was actually a fan of the novel Pride and Prejudice, with a more than five times novel reading experiences, and a more than ten times movie audience experiences ( Pride and Prejudice starred Keira Knightley and Matthew Macfadyen), I picked up this novel and read it in my vacation. I presume that Pride and Prejudice was a most comical one of Jane Austen†™s novels. People around me regarded this novel as a love story, yet to me, the novel is an illusion of the environment, the society at those years. Elizabeth, or Lizzie, the heroine and Mr.Darcy, the haughty hero, a literary idol of girls like me, are the exceptions of the gender relationships at that time. In my humble opinion, the relationship between Jane, the second heroine in this novel and Mr. Bingley was a real picture that showed the characteristics of the relationship in that federal era. They loved each other and were deeply enchanted with each other from the bottom of their heart. Yet Mr. Bingley was too shy and too worrying, he set too many obstacles for himself, while Jane was a typically conservative lady, she was bounded by the old manner and so-called â€Å"courtesy†.They hardly missed the chance to marry each other. When it comes to my favourite character—Lizzie, I must confess that she was the bravest heroine in all books I have read. At first she refused Mr. Darcy’s propose, but at last she changed her mind and was totally fell in love with him. This change represents her iron inner self and her unique personality, and that’s why she was so charming. Many writers these days like to use Lizzie as an example to stress the feminism, for she dared to chase what she care.I think she was also a successful example for all of our girls, as now we are so young, and we have the chance to chase our dream. Chaucer once said that we soon believe what we desire. That is also the unique way of Lizzie in Pride and Prejudice. All in all, Pride and Prejudice represent the climax of Jane Austen’s writing career. Also, the clues and the characters in this novel was filled with vividness, so that they are so real to our reality. That’s why I regard this novel as a real classic. Pride and Prejudice Response Paper Our honorable instructor, Professor Tang assigned us to read three novels in our National Day Vacation: Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, and A Woman On a Roof by Doris Lessing. Of these three, I favored Pride and Prejudice most, as apparently, neither the simple story of the sun-bathing woman in A Woman On a Roof was easier enough for me to understand its â€Å"representative of modern women figures†, nor the ugly face of the man who persuaded his girlfriend to take a â€Å"perfectly simple† abortion in Hills Like White Elephant interested enough for me.So though I was actually a fan of the novel Pride and Prejudice, with a more than five times novel reading experiences, and a more than ten times movie audience experiences ( Pride and Prejudice starred Keira Knightley and Matthew Macfadyen), I picked up this novel and read it in my vacation. I presume that Pride and Prejudice was a most comical one of Jane Austen†™s novels. People around me regarded this novel as a love story, yet to me, the novel is an illusion of the environment, the society at those years. Elizabeth, or Lizzie, the heroine and Mr.Darcy, the haughty hero, a literary idol of girls like me, are the exceptions of the gender relationships at that time. In my humble opinion, the relationship between Jane, the second heroine in this novel and Mr. Bingley was a real picture that showed the characteristics of the relationship in that federal era. They loved each other and were deeply enchanted with each other from the bottom of their heart. Yet Mr. Bingley was too shy and too worrying, he set too many obstacles for himself, while Jane was a typically conservative lady, she was bounded by the old manner and so-called â€Å"courtesy†.They hardly missed the chance to marry each other. When it comes to my favourite character—Lizzie, I must confess that she was the bravest heroine in all books I have read. At first she refused Mr. Darcy’s propose, but at last she changed her mind and was totally fell in love with him. This change represents her iron inner self and her unique personality, and that’s why she was so charming. Many writers these days like to use Lizzie as an example to stress the feminism, for she dared to chase what she care.I think she was also a successful example for all of our girls, as now we are so young, and we have the chance to chase our dream. Chaucer once said that we soon believe what we desire. That is also the unique way of Lizzie in Pride and Prejudice. All in all, Pride and Prejudice represent the climax of Jane Austen’s writing career. Also, the clues and the characters in this novel was filled with vividness, so that they are so real to our reality. That’s why I regard this novel as a real classic.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Animal Rights Essay †Check A Sample

Animal Rights Essay – Check A Sample The issue of non-human or animal rights raises more and more discussions every year. Animal rights imply that it’s unacceptable to do certain things with animals. The ethical side of the issue pushes us to the idea that ill-treatment of animals is unacceptable. It’s very important to stop cruelty towards animals that are killed for food or clothing. One of the main points of view regarding animal rights is that it’s inadmissible to use animals for experiments. They cannot be used for food, which means human beings cannot breed them in order to consume them later. It’s inadmissible to make clothes out of animals, or to use them in medicine. Moreover, animal rights defenders now insist on the prohibition of using animal labor. For example, donkeys, camels and other animals cannot be used for hard labor, under any circumstances. As a rule, people tend to divide animal rights and human rights. However, in terms of morality, there should be no difference between adult animals and adult human beings, since animals also have rights, and humans are also mammals. Many people consider animals to be equal to people, and give a number of arguments in favor of such an assertion. Animals realize themselves, they understand that they are alive, they realize their biological structure. Animals understand what is happening to them; they like some things, and don’t like others. Animals are also capable of making decisions. In terms of ethics, you cannot hunt any animal. Hunting shouldn’t be considered acceptable under any conditions, nor on any grounds. Similarly, it’s immoral to use animals for entertainment, restricting their freedom in zoos, or using them to attract tourists. If we give the same attention to animal rights as human rights, it becomes obvious that any animal has the right to be treated with respect. We must realize the value of each animal as an individual. This means that we must take care of animals, but shouldn’t use them for our own purposes or, even more so, for simple entertainment. For many years, animals have been used for research. Due to such scientific tests, animals die, suffer from pain. Their rights are violated. The essence of this animal rights essay is that animals have the right to live with no human interference, especially in case of drugs testing or other experiments. People constantly use animals as pets. In terms of ethics, dogs, cats, birds and other animals have the right to live their own lives. In the opposite case, given the equal rights of people and animals, this can be considered slavery.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

How to Act When Youre Caught Having Sex in College

How to Act When Youre Caught Having Sex in College There are almost limitless scenarios to choose from concerning how to act when you’re caught having sex in college. In order to make this particular article more useful, it’s based on this one: freshmen year roommate walks in on your legendary sexcapade when they should have been at class. How should you react? What’s the proper course of action? What kinds of things should be considered? With forethought and a little bit of planning for the worst, it doesn’t have to be an embarrassing tragedy. Prepared Cover Whenever you have sex in a dorm room be prepared for people to barge in at any time. Have something handy that you can use to shield yourself and your partner from the masses. No matter how wild it gets, know that you could need a blanket at any moment. Consider a Threesome? Let’s explore every option. Assuming the other person is willing, would you be willing to get into a threesome with your roommate? That doesn’t necessarily have to mean any same-sex contact if that’s not your thing. It’s college though and college is a time for sexual exploration. The opportunity may not present itself too many other times in life. However, if this hasn’t been discussed beforehand it could easily scare the crap out of your unsuspecting roomie. Remember, Sex Isn’t That Big of a Deal On any given 24 hour period in any typical college dorm throughout America, how many students are getting freaky-deeky? Sex really isn’t that big of a deal. There’s not much reason to go off the hinges and feel embarrassed. What’s wrong with getting some? I mean think about it, most college students who aren’t are wishing they were so don’t be too hard on anyone. Don’t Get Angry with Your Roommate If you didn’t leave some signal or note on the door then how is it their fault that they walked in on you at the exact wrong moment just as you were about to climax? They were clueless. Now, if the sex is overtly loud and everyone else in the dorm knew what was going on but people still barge in and ruin things, that’s another story. Regardless, there’s no reason to get angry because there really hasn’t been any harm done. Think about the Other Person’s Feelings Too! You’re not the only one in an awkward situation. Remember that the person you’re getting it on with may have reservations. If they want to hide and are taking the situation seriously, you need to respect that because they might not think it’s a joke at all. Do your best to get your roommate out of the room and give the other person time and space to collect their thoughts/things and split out the window if need be. Talk with Your Roommate Maybe now would be a good time to set down some ground rules. Signs might not be a good idea because they invite pranks and distractions from passersby in the halls. Perhaps you could develop a special knock or something that will let both of you know when the room is being occupied for special reasons. Once everything is out in the open, it will be easier just to let them know you plan on getting some and they’ll avoid the room for an hour. What If Your Roomy is into the Other Person? All is fair in love and war, especially in a transitional place like college. However, you have to share a room with this other person and this could lead to hardcore drama. Try at all costs to avoid a huge loud altercation because that’s going to attract way too much attention. Can they be reasoned with? Can it be talked about later? If you have to just get dressed as quickly and calmly as possible and exit the situation until your roomy has time to think it over. If all else fails you can get a different roommate or the college will likely have a trained mediator come in and try to fix the problem between the both of you. The point is, the drama is not worth turning into a huge time-sink. Don’t Make a Spectacle of the Experience As a rule of thumb it’s best to exercise discretion afterwards. Don’t go around talking about it. Don’t try to be the coolest freshmen in town. Don’t make it a topic of conversation for months on end. It’s bad form and once word gets around that you’re a talker, no one else is going to want to get busy with you in your dorm room. So, let’s hear it, have you been caught in the act in college? If so, how did you react? We’re all dying to listen to the story and perhaps employ your methods if the need arises.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

A criminial case with relevant, reliable, and competent evidence Essay

A criminial case with relevant, reliable, and competent evidence - Essay Example This was emphasized in the Supreme Court’s ruling in Holbrook v Hymn. The Court held that in accordance with the provisions of the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution, the guilt of the accused was to be determined exclusively on the basis of the evidence presented during trial. Furthermore, guilt could not be established on the basis of official suspicion, indictment, continued custody or other circumstances (Gardner & Anderson , 2009, p. 31). Evidence that is relevant, reliable and not otherwise inadmissible at trial is deemed to be competent evidence. The defendant in Holmes v South Carolina, endeavored to introduce evidence that the murder had been committed by a third party. In this effort the defendant offered witnesses who exhibited willingness to testify that the third party had committed the crime. This testimony was excluded by the trial court on the grounds that the case against the defendant was strong and that the evidence against the third party merely generated a bare suspicion. The defendant was convicted of murder, and this sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court of South Carolina (Gardner & Anderson , 2009, p. 32). In this case, the Supreme Court of South Carolina affirmed that any evidence of third party guilt had to generate a reasonable implication of innocence. In addition, such evidence had to be restricted to the facts that were not in conformity with the guilt of the defendant. The Court further clarified that the forensic evidence was almost conclusive in indicating the guilt of the defendant, and that the evidence against the third party was effective only to the extent of creating a bare suspicion. In such cases, the evidence against the third party was inadequate for producing a reasonable implication of innocence regarding the defendant (Holmes v. South Carolina). Thereafter, this case was put up for direct review in the US Supreme Court. In its unanimous decision this Court

Friday, November 1, 2019

Law in the Healthcare System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law in the Healthcare System - Essay Example Written rules lay down protocols that direct the practice of healthcare system. By so doing, it encompasses the rights and freedom of all stakeholders and major interest groups. For instance, the healthcare system in place should take into account patients’ health welfare as well as promote the social and economic welfare of caregivers. In this regard, there is a balance between patients-caregivers interaction, so that none of the two becomes better off at the expense of the other. Written rules, therefore, assist in evaluating the functionality, performance, and efficiency of the healthcare system in place. Loopholes identified within the system can further be accounted for by relevant rules. On the same note, written rules provide a guideline to the practice of the system, coordinate healthcare activities across the sector and monitor the conduct of all stakeholders bound to the system. There are pros and cons to account for with regard to the integration of written rules in the healthcare system. Healthcare system that accounts for the social, cultural, economic and political factors to determine personal and social welfare cannot be fully operational in the absence of written rules. This is because ethical and unethical concerns will arise from time to time, and the mechanism through which they need to be addressed necessitates the need for written rules. Written rules combine all the four major factors to drive the system forward and make improvement adjustment as the need arises. On the other hand, there are negative aspects that come with written rules. Written rules are often rigid and bureaucracy complicates the reform process of written rules. It, therefore, takes a long process before these rules are changed even when there is a dire need to do so.  

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Three common physiological disorders manifested in developing Coursework

Three common physiological disorders manifested in developing countries - Coursework Example The most common physiological disorders manifested in developing countries include diabetes, hypertension (high blood pressure) and Alzheimer’s disease. High blood pressure is often regarded as silent killer due to its significant risk for causing heart attacks. Similarly, diabetes caused by increased content of sugars in blood and Alzheimer’s disease caused by mental disorders such as loss of memory affect human health on a wide scale. The rapid rise of casualties due to these chronic or so-called non-communicable diseases has surpassed casualties due to other diseases in the people of developing countries and has been listed by Geneva-based World Health Organization (WHO) in their report on global health, to be cured properly and on urgent basis. Diabetes, one of the prominent metabolic syndrome, occurs when level of glucose (sugars) in blood gets increased (Haslam and James, 2005) either due to inadequate production of insulin or inability of body to respond to insulin and even sometimes, due to combination of both factors. The common treatments available to cure for this disease include treatment with insulin in order to control blood sugars along with increased physical activities and stringent control on diet and weight. The intake of a balanced and nutritious diet that is low in fat,  cholesterol, and simple sugars may be quite helpful in regulating levels of blood sugars. Diabetes can be monitored by checking blood glucose levels on daily basis. It can be screened in patient due to its easy recognizable symptoms such as  frequent urination, intense thirst and hunger, weight gain, injuries that do not heal, tingling in hands and feet, male sexual dysfunction and fatigue. Diabetes is closely linked to increase in obe sity which may further lead to several cardiovascular diseases. During diabetes, the glycosylation (addition of sugars) of some advanced

Monday, October 28, 2019

Personal Ethics in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Personal Ethics in Nursing Essay Ethics is the discipline that waits in the wings as a health-restoring resource when moral guidelines fail to do the job alone. Ethics provides a language, along with methods, and tools for evaluating the components of personal, societal, and group morality to create a better path for yourself and others. Some of its most important uses are to clarify, organize, and critique morality to highlight what does and does not fit in a particular situation (Purtilo, 2011). A nurse cultivates personal ethics through personal, cultural, and spiritual values which becomes a moral compass for their professional ethics. Personal ethics in combination with the code of ethics often assist the nurses in personal and social decision making during ethical dilemma. This ability prompts them to better respond to needs of the suffering patient and their own well-being. Nursing ethics shares many principles with medical ethics such as beneficence, non-maleficience, and respect for autonomy. Nursing ethics however, can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, collaborative care and human dignity, because the health care climate is regularly changing, as is our society, it is crucial that nurses have a grounded understanding of ethics (Ward, 2012). Born in a middle-class Christian family from South India, the strict traditional values helped to embed the concept of service through family and friends who taught me trust, respect, integrity, and responsibility for my education and beliefs. One of my major spiritual values that kindled the concept of service within me is â€Å"do unto others as you would have them do unto you† which is found in the Bible. At an early age I started to practice this concept by not only self-respect for myself but mainly treating others with respect. Individuals may build their moral values from listening to their parents, grandparents, religious beliefs, friends, books, their local societal values and even watching television. Moral values and enthusiasm help an individual to understand one’s accountability to their profession to deliver harmless, a compassionate work atmosphere. This empowers nurses to raise their self-confidence in their profession. Maintaining the existing responsibilities in the nursing field is vibrant to assist patients, families, and the general public. Our ethnic standards play a big role in nursing life. Nurses however should not be judgmental of patient’s beliefs and force their own beliefs in patient care. Hospitals under Joint Commission are responsible for addressing and maintaining patient’s privileges. These privileges include the accommodation; divine, mystical, particular Cultural values and follows while providing care to patients from diverse faiths. Nurses must have reverence and not put down the patient’s faith and values, and provide care consistently. Being acquainted with a variety of different cultures, languages, and religions influence worldly views and nursing decisions in providing culturally sensitive care. The traditional spiritual and cultural morals along with diverse worldviews became the directorial moral compass to take the right decision on behalf of the patients and personal life and empowered to improve the confidence and capability as a nurse. Values, Morals, and Ethics are often thought of as interweaved and to have the same denotation when each of solely have a different meaning for themselves. Values are one’s fundamental beliefs developed from childhood through family and society. Morals are values that attribute to a system of beliefs. Values are the language that has evolved to identify intrinsic things a person, group, or society holds dear. Not all values are moral values either. For instance, some things are cherished for their beauty, novelty, or efficiency they bring to our lives (Purtilo, 2011). When values, morals, and ethics of nurse influence his or her professional conduct, it often tips to conflicting situation in one’s nursing practices. For example, the topic of abortion is frowned upon when looked at from a spiritual Christian standpoint. When a nurses’ spiritual doctrine is against abortion, it would be against their moral to assist in decision making to abort the baby even when the fetus is deformed, thus arising an ethical dilemma between personal values and coming to an ethical conclusion on aborting the baby. Hospital management may develop a strong Code of Ethics in order to help regulate and maintain a professional atmosphere for nurses so that their decision making will be easier when they incur ethical dilemmas. A Code of Ethics not only serves as a guideline for nurses but also sets a standard for them to abide by. Being in the nursing field my tasks vary from caring, communicating, teaching, bedside care, and even advocating therefore the likelihood of ethical dilemmas are inescapable. Thus far I haven’t been faced with any major ethical dilemmas that would violate my spiritual doctrines that I uphold. Most commonly the ethical dilemmas I’ve seen care providers face are usually due to religious and spiritual backgrounds of the patient. Some religions do not support induced death by humans and nurses may have trouble supporting the patient and family about cases like abortion. Although it is the individual’s right to make decisions about their bodies, the religious values do not allow one to be apart of the procedure. Therefore when I’ve been in minor ethical dilemmas while being a care provider I go by what is medically and ethically correct. Nurses are an important element of the health care field because their decisions along with commitment play an essential role for the welfare and safety of humanity. If their decision making is based on personal, cultural, and spiritual values then at times they may be faced with an ethical dilemma. In situations where they’re beliefs may be tested, nurses are expected to either follow the Code of Ethics set out by their management or they should be professional and do what is medically right in order to deliver quality care.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Cold War Essay -- essays research papers

The Cold War, 1949-1963 25.1 American Commitment to Cold War: National Security Council Document 68 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How NSC-68 influenced America’s response to Communist North Korea’s invasion of South Korea in June 1950 and to Communist expansion in Southeast Asia in the 1960s. The NSC-68 called for military assistance programs that would meet the requirements of our allies. Since South Korea was an ally, we assisted them in repelling the invasion of another communist nation. This help for South Korea meant that a communist nation would be weakened and therefore possibly cripple a potential ally for the Soviet Union. Also, South Korea would then respond to a call for aid if the Soviet Union ever attacked America. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The implications of NSC-68 for military spending by the United States and its allies. The NSC-68 stated that â€Å"budgetary considerations will need to be subordinated to the stark fact that our very independence as a nation may be at stake.† This meant that no matter how much it cost to build up our military, it would be done in order to protect our nation. Also, the rebuilding of European economies and defenses in order to try and contain Russian expansion without armed conflict, lead to the help of European powers having to return the favor of having their economies rebuilt with helping the United States in the Cold War. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The implications of the call for â€Å"covert actions† in NSC-68. Covert actions in the NSC-68 implies that the United States was not ready for another war so soon after World War II. Also, the Soviet Union had developed atomic weapons, which meant that the Soviet Union could cause mass destruction in the United States. However, America was unwilling to allow the communist nation of the Soviet Union to expand and gain enough power to crush the United States. So the government decided to use covert operations which would hurt their economy and cause unrest in the Soviet Union. 25.2 American Public Opinion and the Korean War, 1950-1952 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What these responses reveal about attitudes toward American involvement in the Korean War. At the beginning, American opinion supported the war in Korea. However, as time went on, the American opinion changed because we no longer had a clear chance of winning the war. People then c... ...tution given rights were ignored as well. The Red Scare was therefore similar to McCarthyism in the 1950s because it was a movement against communism that many people had. The Smith Act was passed which prevented the teaching of overthrowing the government and forced all foreign residents over the age of 14 to register their occupation and political beliefs. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How successful were United States responses to the Soviet Union in the 1950s? Were there alternatives to these responses? Eisenhower did a brilliant job in his responses to the Soviet Union in the 1950s. He kept the Soviet Union from expanding by rebuilding the economies of the war struck countries in Europe. Had technology developed that would allow the United States to spy on other countries armaments and military actions without exposing ourselves to any risk. Entered nine treaties that would make attacking the United States bring down a multitude of other countries attacks. Eisenhower also developed a large amount of nuclear devices that would allow the United States to respond to any attack with powerful force. Eisenhower could not have developed a better strategy to hold back the Russians.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Egypt’s Culture and Political System Essay

The Egyptian culture is considered one of the oldest cultures in human history. Surprisingly, it almost has some of gender equality except that it needs more to consider, in order achieving the third Millennium Development Goal, which talks of achieving gender equity/equality and women empowerment by 2015. I would recommend that the Egyptian constitution considers enacting and/or passing several legislations in favor of women and as well give recognition to the informal market sector, where bulks of the women are making meaningful contribution to the economy. I would also recommend that this ancient nation and culture acknowledges the home, where the men considerably have all the major decision making powers. I am of the conviction that women make sound and major decisions as well and can provide better and transformation ideas, realizing the remarkably undeniable work of the women of Liberia during the civil war. I believe that if our generation begins to identify the errors of past generations, relative to gender-related issues, and if we address those issues in more formal ways by beginning to give women their rightful places in society; ensuring that opportunities and privileges are equally and equitably distributed, our world can be the most enjoyable place even for generations unborn. In an effort to do this, we must begin with an identification of the problems as stated above, discuss them thoroughly as a way of enabling us to craft or design ideas that would amicably resolve them for the better of our general world, beginning with the Egyptian society. In Egypt the political system of policies and regulations of its political structure is based on its fundamental laws and practices. Most of which shows how the Egyptian government positions its power on the state and the society it governs. Egypt started out being a Republic adopting a democratic system. This system  defines the way i n which it uses its public authority. There are basically six parts to this system. The first is the constitutional system. There was a constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt in 1971 that was used but then had a written amendment to it in 1980. The actual amendment had commonality in the English Common Law which came from the Napoleonic Code. It simply explains that Egypt declares it’s self as an Arab Republic with a democratic system. The second part is called the Executive Branch. The president is called the Head of State. The head of state is selected by a minimum one-third majority of the Majlis ash-Sha’ab, which is the â€Å"People’s Assembly. The People’s Assembly must approve by a minimum of two-thirds and have to be elected by a majority referendum. The election term is for six years with the possibility for re-election with conditional reasons for return. Putting into to play the general state policy is made up and supervised by the Head of State. He also rules the Armed Force. The last elected president of the republic was Mohammed Hosni Mubarak. The supreme executive and administrative organ of the State is the government; they are comprised of the Council of Ministers. This is ruled by the Prime Minister and he is the overseer of the work of the government. The highest part of the government is the Executive and administrative part of the Egyptian Republic is the Council of Ministers. The Ministers are together responsible for the policy and procedure of the State before the People’s Assembly, every Minister is responsible for the performance of his Ministry and is held to accountability to do so. The Parliament has great power as well. They have the power to withdraw confidence from the Cabinet or from any Cabinet member and leave them powerless. The fourth part of this system is the Legislative Branch. This branch of the Egyptian Parliament is a reflection in character and consists of the People’s Assembly, or Majlis El-Shaab and the Advisory Council or Majlis El-Shourah. â€Å"The People’s Assembly is the legislative branch of the State consisting of 444 directly elected members and 10 members appointed by the President, who serve for a term of five years. It has the power to approve the general policy, new laws, the budget and the development plans of the government. It also has the authority to undertake investigations and to levy taxes, besides appointing the Presidential candidate and passing a vote of no-confidence in the cabinet. The Advisory Council with 140 members, out of which 70 members  are nominated by the President, is Egypt’s consultative council. It offers advices and consultation and proposes to the Assembly new laws and regulations† (Haas, F. 2008). The fifth part of the system is the Judicial Branch. The Judicial branch System was brought into the country introduced into the country in 1854 and predicated on the English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes system to go through for four categories of courts of justice. Almost like the United States the highest judicial body is the Supreme Constitutional Court, the Court of Cessation. There are seven courts of Appeal in the various systems, and the Summary Tribunals in the districts are the principal court system in Egypt. It guarantees the independence of the judicial system. The fifth system is the Party of Power. This system is ruled on a multi-party system. â€Å"The Law 40 of 1977 regulates the development of political parties in Egypt. Though there is currently 17 active political parties representing various stands across the political spectrum, the law prohibits the creation of religious-based political parties in the state. Presently the National Democratic Party holds the majority of seats in the People’s Assembly† (History. 2012). The sixth system is the local government. This is headed by a Governor who is appointed by the President which is very different as to how they are selected in the US. â€Å"Egypt is administratively divided into 26 Governorates. Within their districts, local government units establish and run all public utiliti es, provide services and designate industrial areas. Working closely at various levels with local government is the Local Popular Councils. The basics: Egypt is a large, mostly Arab, mostly Muslim country. At around 80 million people, it has the largest population in the Middle East and the third-largest in Africa. Most of Egypt is in North Africa, although the part of the country that borders Israel, the Sinai Peninsula, is in Asia. Its other neighbors are Sudan to the South, Libya to the West, and Saudi Arabia across the Gulf of Aqaba to the East. It has been was ruled by Hosni Mubarak since from 1981 until February 11th†( Pew Research Center 2011, November 17). As to what is going on today in Egypt. There has been fierce protest in Egypt that has been promoted by the recent protests in which led to the fall of the Tunisian government as well as getting rid of longtime Tunisian dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The Egyptians have gathered momentum to get support of other protesters across the Arab world in Algeria, notably in  protesting their autocratic governments, high levels of corruption, and grinding pove rty. This is a big reason Why Egyptians unhappy and disturbed about the government. They feel they have no basic freedom than Tunisians. â€Å"Egypt is ranked 138th of 167 countries on The Economist’s Democracy index, a widely accepted measure of political freedom. That ranking puts Egypt just seven spots ahead of Tunisia. And Egyptians are significantly poorer than their cousins to the west† (Mislan, D. 2012). How did this all start? These protests started with the protests in Tunisia. Just like their Tunisian counterparts, â€Å"Egyptian protesters have pointed to a specific incident as inspiration for the unrest. Many have cited the June 2010 beating death of Khaled Said, allegedly at the hands of police, as motivation for their rage. But it’s also clear that the issues here are larger† (Prager, D. 2012). This seems to be complicated for the US more than Tunisia was. The â€Å"Tunisian regime was a key ally for the US in the fight against Al Qaeda. But the US government’s ties to Tunisia’s Ben Ali pale in comparison to American ties to Egypt. Shadi Hamid of the Brookings Institution, a centrist think tank, explains: Predictions that a Tunisia-like uprising will soon topple Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak are premature the Egyptian regime, with its well-paid military, is likely to be more unified and more ruthless than its Tunisian counterparts were. The U.S. is the primary benefactor of the Egyptian regime, which, in turn, has reliably supported American regional priorities. After Iraq, Afghanistan, and Israel, Egypt is the largest recipient of U.S. assistance, including $1.3 billion in annual military aid. In other words, if the army ever decides to shoot into a crowd of unarmed protestors, it will be shooting with hardware provided by the United States. As Steven Cook of the Council on Foreign Relations points out, the Egyptian military is â€Å"not there to project power, but to protect the regime (History. 2012)†. There was a movement started in Egypt called the Egyptian Movement for Change (EMC). It also has another name called, Kefaya which in English means â€Å"Enough†. This came about in 2004. Almost immediately its importance to Egyptian political life was recognized, though not understood. Both Egyptian and Western analysts have mischaracterized the movement. Interpretations have been too narrow, focusing on specific details and ignoring the movement’s broad vision, or too broad, mistaking Kefaya for a generic social movement in the Western mode. All such approaches fail to  appreciate Kefaya’s real contribution. This essay argues that Kefaya’s significance lies in its transformative potential as a broad political force that is uniquely suited to the needs of the moment in Egypt. It is at once a cross-ideological force that has the potential, in the long run, of creating a new mainstream and a movement of a new kind that is creating a distinctive and promis ing form of politics for Egypt. Egypt’s political system has reached a dead end in the early twenty-first century. The opposition political parties are locked in their headquarters, unable to communicate with the public. Virtually acquiescing to the siege of an arsenal of restrictive laws, these political parties have for years suffered from an increasingly diminishing membership, a lack of operational funds, and internecine internal feuds. The â€Å"illegality† of the Muslim Brothers (MB) has paradoxically liberated that organization from restrictions that come with governmental licensing. However, the ideology, posture, secrecy, and political tactics of the grassroots-based MB engender the mistrust of many political forces, including some Islamists. At the same time, the secularist-Islamist polarization hinders the possibility of reaching any meaningful consensus on critical issues. This blockage is not lost on the regime, the clear beneficiary of such divisions among its adversaries, and it does not augur well for the future of the brothers in a lead role in shaping Egyptian political life. Amid this political disarray, a new generation of Egyptians holds the promise for transforming politics in Egypt. They have found a home and an instrument in Kefaya and in the process have invented a new form of politics. Their innovations are historically grounded on the specifics of Egypt’s political life in recent decades. Unique Egyptian circumstances have shaped their experiences, aspirations, and vision for the future. With the seething political discontent on the one hand and the ideologically based mistrust and mutual exclusion among the political forces on the other, Egypt needs today, more than ever, a new form of politics that pulls together diverse ideas from across the political spectrum to forge a new national project. For more than a decade, a group of activists and intellectuals have interacted across ideological lines to reach a common ground. Kefaya emerged as one manifestation of these efforts and as an important illustration of the possibilities of this new politics.  While such collaborative work across ideological lines is not unique in democratic experiences around the world, Kefaya represents the first successful effort of that sort in modern Egyptian politics. This essay, based on primary sources, including open-ended interviews, statements, newspaper articles, and reports, as well as unpublished documents, is composed of three main parts. The first part explains in more detail the reasons why Kefaya has been widely mischaracterized; the second illustrates why and how Kefaya represents a new force with the potential of creating a new mainstream; and the third explores the new politics invented by Kefaya. There has been Misunderstanding Kefaya Since its early days, there have been various critical interpretations of Kefaya by politicians and intellectuals alike, at times citing deficiencies in the movement’s profile, actions, and approach, while at other times dismissing the movement outright as being a â€Å"foreign puppet† or the pastime of â€Å"a bunch of kids.† The most serious and widely noted critique of Kefaya is that it has been essentially a mere protest movement, targeting President Mubarak personally, without putting forward an alternative candidate or articulating a constructive vision for political transformation. The critique along these lines has gained more momentum since the 2005 presidential election. Because Kefaya’s main slogan expressed the rejection of a fifth term for Mubarak as well as the succession of his son, the argument goes that Kefaya lost its raison d’etre with the end of the election. â€Å"Except for rejecting the election results, symbolized by the slogan of ‘Batel’, nothing new was produced.† When Kefaya played a leading role in the formation of the National Front for Change on the eve of the subsequent parliamentary elections, it was criticized as passing the torch to the old opposition parties, the very same entities whose inaction it has been formed to face. (Haas, F. 2008)†.The EMC had been â€Å"dragged into sitting together with the leaders of the tamed opposition, instead of putting forward a demand for changing the electoral system.† While critics clearly question Kefaya’s contribution to Egyptian politics, even the more positive assessments of the EMC mischaracterize it. For example, the American Left sees Kefaya as the beginning of â€Å"the process of rebuilding an Egyptian Left crushed by decades of police oppression† and a reverse of its â€Å"political marginalization caused by the rise of political Islam (Haas, F. 2008)†. Some Egyptian analysts as well characterize Kefaya  as a â€Å"secular† protest movement and thereby implicitly expect its role to be the containment of the Islamists. Kefaya has been so widely misunderstood in the West as well as among the Western-educated elite in Egypt because of the reliance on Western social scientific classifications, notably the social movement literature, to make sense of a phenomenon emerging from the very different Egyptian context. This shortcoming is compounded by looking at Kefaya with an ideologically selective eye. While Kefaya has indeed demonstrated several of the characteristics highlighted in the literature on new social movements, it is neither single issue oriented nor concerned with identity two of the most important features of new social movements. Shoehorning Kefaya into a category derived from the experience of postindustrial societies obscures more than it illuminates. Nevertheless, the concept of the new social movement comes closest to capturing certain features of Kefaya. The movement is one of dissent, aiming in a constant and persistent endeavor toward the transformation of Egypt.4 It is a loose network of small groupings around the country. Like social movements, it aims at generating public attention and has emerged from a realization of the perils involved in conventional party politics in Egypt, marked by debilitating restrictions and dilemmas. In other words, Kefaya emerges out of realization that the institutional channels are neither neutral nor amenable to the demands for change. However, unlike conventional social movements and because of the specific necessities of the Egyptian context, Kefaya is not focused on a single issue. The same, incidentally, is true of the Islamic movement whose platform also embraces a range of issues. In addition to the breadth of the issues addressed by Kefaya, the movement is ideologically diverse. In this way, it differs from the Islamic movement. While the latter has a concrete ideology shaping its project, Kefaya goes beyond any single ideology to be the only movement in contemporary Egypt that emerged out of serious political interactions across ideological lines. Approaching Kefaya through the prism of the social movement literature, with its American scholarship emphasis on resource mobilization and political processes, blinds analysis to this distinctive feature, which is in fact one of the most important contributions of Kefaya to Egypt’s political life. There is concern about the momentum behind Egypt’s emergency law, and what it means for progress both the incredible progress that has already been  made and the equally incredible progress that has yet to be made. There is concern about the treatment and status of the Copts and other members of the Christian Egyptian minority. There is concern about the security of the Egyptian–Israeli border and about relations between the two countries in general. There is concern that the progress that has been made thus far could actually lead to a reversal of Egypt’s progress, should the freedom to elect lead to a government that constricts the freedom of the Egyptian people even more than we have seen over the past 30 years And the list could go on. Indeed, there is no shortage of things about which to worry. There is a fine line between worrying and believing. Similarly, there is a fine line between two, seemingly contradictory, truths: Some degree of discontent with our present circumstances is healthy and necessary, because discontent fuels progress; at the same time, being happy requires that we make a point of being happy wherever we are. There is a fine and difficult line between making the best of our current reality and not giving up. It is necessary to think through all possible outcomes, including the undesirable and even the remote ones. Both worrying and believing are the result of thinking. Worry and anxiety result from focusing on undesirable outcomes no matter how probable or improbable. Belief, on the other hand, is the result of focusing on the best possible outcomes again, no matter how probable or improbable. Whereas worrying fuels panic and skepticism, believing fuels faith and hope. Positive action rarely results from the chaos, fear, or feelings of scarcity that often accompany worry. Faith and hope lead to trust and courage; and trust and courage lead to positive, prosaically action. So, yes, there does seem to be a great deal to worry about right now. Even still, if there’s even the remotest possibility that believing instead of worrying will lead to continued progress, and then it seems to me that believing is what we have to do. Positive Psychology has been described by Martin Seligman and others as the science of what makes life worth living; of what is working for individuals, families, communities, and society more broadly. The Positive Psychology experiment with which we are now charged is to, together, choose belief over worry. At least between now and Egypt’s presidential election, let us together make a conscious, deliberate decision to focus on what is working and how it can lead to the best possible future for Egypt and for the world as a whole. References Mislan, D. (2012). Cross Cultural Perspectives. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Haas, F. (2008). German Science and Black Racism–Roots of the Nazi Holocaust. FASEB Journal, 22(2), 332-337. History. (2012). Germany Country Review, 7-14. Ninkovich, F. (2001). The United States and Imperialism. Wiley-Blackwell. Pew Research Center. (2011, November 17). The American-Western European Values Gap. Retrieved fromhttp://www.pewglobal.org/2011/11/17/the-american-western-european-values-gap/ Prager, D. (2012). Still the Best Hope: Why the World Needs American Values to Triumph. HarperCollins.